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Income Taxes
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Sep. 30, 2013
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAXES |
NOTE 10 — INCOME TAXES
Components of the income tax (provision)/benefit are as follows (in thousands):
The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 is 32.7% and 29.9%, respectively, and reflects the benefit of energy tax credit, the homebuilder manufacturing deduction, and a partial reversal of the state valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. Due to the effects of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance and federal and state tax net operating losses (“NOLs”), the effective tax rate in 2012 is not meaningful as there is no correlation between the effective tax rate and the amount of pre-tax income or loss for that period.
At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we have no unrecognized tax benefits due to the lapse of the statute of limitations and completion of audits for prior years. We believe that our current income tax filing positions and deductions would be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change. Our policy is to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits and include them in federal income tax expense.
In accordance with ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, we determine our net deferred tax assets by taxing jurisdiction. We evaluate our net deferred tax assets, including the benefit from NOLs, by jurisdiction to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Companies must assess whether a valuation allowance should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with significant weight being given to evidence that can be objectively verified. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the length of statutory carryforward periods, a company's experience with operating losses and experiences of utilizing tax credit carryforwards and tax planning alternatives.
We recorded a full valuation allowance against all of our net deferred tax assets during 2008 due to economic conditions and the weight of negative evidence at that time. During the second quarter of 2012, we determined that the positive evidence exceeded the negative evidence in the tax jurisdiction of Florida and that it was more likely than not that most of the deferred tax assets and NOL carryovers for the Florida jurisdiction would be realized. In the fourth quarter of 2012, we reversed the valuation allowance against our federal deferred tax assets and those in most of our state jurisdictions because the weight of the positive evidence in those jurisdictions exceeded that of the negative evidence. However, we retained a valuation allowance for certain states which have shorter carryforward periods for utilization of NOL carryovers or lower current earnings relative to their NOL carryforward balance. A portion of this remaining allowance relating to state tax assets was released in the second and third quarters of 2013.
We continue to evaluate the remaining state valuation allowance to determine if sufficient positive evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that an additional portion of the underlying state NOL carryforwards should be able to be realized.
At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets as follows (in thousands):
Our future NOL and deferred tax asset realization depends on sufficient taxable income in the carryforward periods under existing tax laws. Federal NOL carryforwards may be used to offset future taxable income for 20 years. State NOL carryforwards may be used to offset future taxable income for a period of time ranging from 5 to 20 years, depending on the state jurisdiction. At September 30, 2013, we had a federal NOL carryforward benefit of $9.1 million that expires in 2031 and federal tax credit carryforwards of $5.7 million which begin to expire in 2030. At September 30, 2013, we also had tax benefits for state NOL carryforwards of $17.9 million that expire at various times from 2013 to 2031 depending on the state jurisdiction.
At September 30, 2013, we have income taxes payable of $29.6 million, which primarily consists of current federal and state tax accruals as well as tax and interest amounts that we expect to pay within one year for having amended prior-year tax returns. This amount is recorded in accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet as of September 30, 2013.
We conduct business and are subject to tax in the U.S. and several states. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local income tax examinations by taxing authorities for years prior to 2008. We are not subject to any federal or state income tax examination at this time.
The tax benefits from our NOLs, built-in losses, and tax credits would be materially reduced or potentially eliminated if we experience an “ownership change” as defined under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) §382. Based on our analysis performed as of September 30, 2013, we do not believe that we have experienced an ownership change. As a protective measure, our stockholders held a Special Meeting of Stockholders on February 16, 2009 and approved an amendment to our Articles of Incorporation that restricts certain transfers of our common stock. The amendment is intended to help us avoid an unintended ownership change and thereby preserve the value of our tax benefits for future utilization.
On January 1, 2013, Congress passed the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the “Act”), which the President signed into law on January 2, 2013. The Act extended certain tax provisions which have a retroactive effect on 2012. Among other things, the Act extended for two years the availability of a business tax credit under IRC §45L for building new energy efficient homes, which originally was set to expire at the end of 2011. Under ASC 740, the effects of new legislation are recognized in the period that includes the date of enactment, regardless of the retroactive benefit. In accordance with this guidance, we recorded a tax benefit of approximately $2.6 million in the first quarter of 2013 related to the extension of the IRC §45L tax credit for the qualifying new energy efficient homes that we closed in 2012. We are currently estimating our IRC §45L qualification rates for homes closed in 2012 and 2013 based on best available information, and any additional credits will be recognized in future periods if we determine that we quality for them after completing a more in-depth analysis.
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