Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

INCOME TAXES

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INCOME TAXES
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
Components of the provision for income taxes are as follows (in thousands): 
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
Federal $ 38,498  $ 52,340  $ 69,129  $ 90,462 
State 7,683  13,466  14,405  23,343 
Total $ 46,181  $ 65,806  $ 83,534  $ 113,805 

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was 23.9% and 23.6%, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was 22.1% and 21.4%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 reflects fewer homes qualifying for the §45L energy-efficient homes federal tax credit under the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") enacted in the Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") due to higher construction thresholds required to earn these tax credits beginning in 2025.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we have no unrecognized tax benefits. We believe our current income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and we do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change. Our policy is to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits and include them in the provision for income taxes.
We determine our deferred tax assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. We evaluate our deferred tax assets, including the benefit from net operating losses ("NOLs"), by jurisdiction to determine if a valuation allowance is required. This evaluation considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the length of statutory carryforward periods, experiences with operating losses and experiences of utilizing tax credit carry forwards and tax planning alternatives. We have no NOLs or credit carryovers, and determined that no valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets is necessary at June 30, 2025.
At June 30, 2025, we had $0.6 million income taxes payable and no income taxes receivable. The income taxes payable primarily consists of federal and state tax accruals, net of current energy tax credits and estimated tax payments, and is recorded in Accrued liabilities on the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2025.

We conduct business and are subject to tax in the U.S. both federally and in several states. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local income tax examinations by taxing authorities for years prior to 2020. We do not have any Federal or state income tax examinations pending resolution at this time.

On July 4, 2025, the President signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), which includes several significant corporate tax changes. The legislation modifies or extends provisions originally enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, including but not limited to the reinstatement of immediate expensing for research and development expenditures and the restoration of 100% bonus depreciation for qualified property. In addition, OBBBA introduces new provisions, including the repeal of the §45L energy-efficient home credit for homes acquired after June 30, 2026, and a new 1% floor on charitable contribution deductions. We are currently evaluating the full impact of the legislation, but do not expect it to have a material effect on our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2025.